Testing of relays pdf

Acceptance testing, commissioning, and startup will include control power tests, current transformer and potential transformer tests, and any other device testing associated with the protective relay. How to test a refrigerator relay switch home guides sf. Testing automotive relays before replacing them is a good idea and its not to difficult. To do this there are only two easy steps to follow. Purpose and scope the purpose of this standard work practice swp is to. It includes everything ive learned about relay testing since the relay testing handbook. The relay isolates the high power circuit, helping to protect the.

If a protection system is displaying unexpected behavior, you need to find its cause quickly. This section details the tests required to cover items. Click download or read online button to get the relay testing handbook 8d book now. The paper first analyzes the functionality of modern state of theart distance protection relays. A comprehensive testing program should simulate fault and normal operating conditions of the relay. Bench testing the ford 4 or 5 pin relay is not hard to do at all, and in this article ill show you how to do it there are two articles in site about bench testing a ford relay, you can find the other here. Understanding and testing the abb red670 distanceline differential relay 10 introduction before starting the relay distance relays 87l2167n are used in line protection and cable protection schemes.

Thus, the true purpose of preventative maintenance may be lost. Relay testing and maintenance ge grid solutions online store. Every once in a while you need to test a relay and when you do its important to check it thoroughly, if. On these type of relays, your meter should read zero ohms or produce a beeping sound. Pdf the paper presents a new approach to application testing of protective relays. These relays like the one in the photo in the image viewer are used in the majority of ford vehicles. How to test a relay with a multimeter step by step guide.

It is magnetically operated and is used to control electrical circuits from a distant point. Relays are discrete devices as opposed to integrated circuits that are used to allow a low power logic signal to control a much higher power circuit. A relay is a switching device as it works to isolate or change the state of an electric circuit from one state to another. Circuit breaker testing is essential to ensure the safe and reliable performance of this key link in the power asset chain. Getting started digital energy multilin getting started 1. The relay testing handbook 8d download ebook pdf, epub.

A comprehensive overview of inspection and test procedures for protective relays in electrical power systems. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Before replacing it by a new start relay, do the test to discover if it really is the part which has a problem. Caution after each test, cool the relay for minimum 10 minutes. Otherwise, relay will trip early and you will not get correct results. Communication systems required for protection system operation.

A relay usually gets damaged due to a number of reasons. The life test can be suspended after a certain proportion of relays have failed generally the test should be run until at least 50% have failed. Since type testing of a digital or numerical relay involves testing of software as well as hardware, the type testing process is very complicated and more involved than a static or electromechanical relay. Step 2 next, reinstall the relay while keeping the wire strand inserted and clear of. One of the symptoms that the relay is damaged is when the refrigerator heats up and certain clicks can be heard. How to test a fuel pump relay and other automotive relays. Apr 01, 20 how to test a car relay and how a car relay works. The main unit contacts must be blocked closed for this test.

How to test a relay the correct way ratchets and wrenches. Also mentioned are some preventive measures which may be indicated by the. A relay will usually have a coil, pole terminal and a set of contacts. Protection systems play a key role for the safe and reliable operation of todays electricity power systems. Applications range from classic panel built control systems to modern interfaces between control microprocessors and their power circuits or any application where reliable galvanic separation is required between different circuits. Pdf download links will be sent via email after the order has been processed, usually the same day. Feb 10, 20 here is how you test a car relay the correct way. Page 1 of 15 standard work practice sp0518 ver 2 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062 ergon energy queensland pty ltd abn 11 121 177 802 1. Use the sel311l line current differential relay with integral fourzone distance backup for easytoapply, highspeed line protection. The starter relay provides power to the starter when the key switch is turned to start. Iso relays were designed to try and standardize relay connections, making it easier to test and design systems. The simplest way of finding this is to use a multimeter with an ohmmeter setting and then measuring the resistance values by checking its terminals.

Two types of relay technology are available, mechanical and solid state. Thus, procedures and records should be designed with preventive maintenance as the guide. If the circuit to be tested is in service, one relay at a time should be removed if applicable so as not to totally disable the protection. Testing procedure it is recommended that only one relay be removed from a circuit at a time if the circuit is still energized. The main reason for testing a relay is to find, whether it is a good or defective one. Circuit breaker testing is used to test both the performance of individual switching mechanisms and the timing of the overall tripping system.

But relays use flexible mechanical contacts that wear or burn, effectively. The following figure shows a typical test setup for testing these relays. Elearning tutorials will be a good guide for using different types of relays. Understanding and testing the abb red670 distanceline. Most utilities have a wide variety of test plans and practices. Pdf modern integrated protection and automation system have large number of integrated functions which impose additional test. Relays respond to one or more electrical quantities like voltage or current such that they open or close the contacts or circuits. A monitoring relay whose function is to limit the operation of associated protective relays to specific field protective relay a relay that functions to prevent overheating of the field excitation winding by reducing or interrupting the excitation of the shunt field. Relays a relay is defined as an electrically controlled device that opens and closes electrical contacts, or activates and deactivates operation of other devices in the same or another electrical circuit. Protection relay testing for commissioning swp check this is the latest process zone version before use. Typically, a protection system must be visited at its substation installation site and removed from service for this testing. Testing and cleaning of relays are covered in each of the manufacturers instruction manuals.

The tests themselves will reveal catastrophic failures. Simplified motor relay testing can be ordered as an adobe acrobat pdf digital download, or as a hardcover book that also includes the adobe acrobat pdf digital download for free. The ch2 with the optional energization module is the only tester cirris recommends for testing assemblies with relays. For this reason it is very helpful to have a versatile test set, which also has the ability to record and analyze transient signals. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed i. Set the relay and calculate the test current as follows. Even if the scheme has been thoroughly tested in the factory, wiring to the cts and vts on site may be incorrectly carried out, or the ctsvts may have been incorrectly installed. Time coordination curves tcc and coordination 73 chapter 3. These two components work together to ensure that the starter operates safely and does not turn the engine over in an unsafe condition. As the name suggests, one of the main functions provided by the relay is zdistance protection 21 or impedance protection. The set of contacts that are open when the relay is not energized are called normally open no contacts and the set of contacts that are closed when the relay is not energized are called normally closed nc contacts. Relay setting x multiples of set current test current.

Modern relays have very different characteristics that require a different testing philosophy to ensure that they will operate when required. Easy step by step procedure to test an automotive relay, this information pertains to all relay controlled circuits. Testing and maintenance of protective relays always begins with a thorough visual and mechanical inspection. Testing has included system functionality, calibration of measuring relays, and correctness of settings. Step 1 a relay is used to control switch a high amperage electrical circuit with a low amperage one, for example a radiator fan can pull up to 25 amps when in use, which would burn the computer circuit that controls it, a. Automated testing programs are not suited for commission function testing inject current and voltage based on relay s settings not be able to detect setting errors typos bad system data do not test programmed logic or specific io functions. In addition to tests recommended for the overcurrent relay, the directional unit of the di rectional overcurrent relay should be tested for minimum pickup, angle of maximum torque, contact gap, and clutch pressure. Abstractperforming tests on individual relays is a common practice for relay engineers and technicians.

This seminar will introduce the theory and practice of endtoend relay testing. Properly working protection devices help to maintain the safety of the system and to safeguard assets from damage. Protective relay testing and maintenance guide testguy. This offer cannot be used towards courses already purchased or added to any other. In this article, we will show you how to test a relay. Protection relay guides electrical engineering portal. So it is crucial to test a relay if it stopped working before you replace it or throw it away. Operation, maintenance, and field test procedures for protective relays and associated circuits iii acronyms and abbreviations a ampere ac alternating current amp ampere ansi american national standards institute bes bulk electric system carma capital asset and resource management application ccvt coupling capacitor voltage transformers co. Principles and practice, including stepbystep dynamic testing procedures that can be applied to any relay element with fixedtime delays. With microprocessor relays, the builtin, self testing features can. Step 1 to test for intermitted relay failures which are common, remove the relay in question, take a small wire strand, about two inches long and insert it into the relay connector terminal 87 or 30. The modern relay tester needs to adapt to new technologies to find the most effective test plan possible to make sure the relay has been installed correctly, and will. The set of contacts that are open when the relay is not energized are called normally open no contacts and the set of contacts that are closed when the relay is not.

The relay testing handbook valence electrical training services. Inspection, testing and commissioning of electrical. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume 38 field test procedure for protective relays internet version of this manual created july 2000 facilities engineering branch denver office denver, colorado the appearance of the internet version of this manual may differ from the original, but the contents do not. Working of relayshow relay works,basics,design,construction.

It controls electrical components like fuel pumps, air conditioner motors and radiator fans. The starter relay and the neutral lockout switch control the starting solenoid. Page 3 of 15 standard work practice sp0518 ver 2 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062 ergon energy queensland pty ltd abn 11 121 177 802 return the relay scheme to service in an acceptable standard. In this video we use a ford relay and an audi for examples. Operation, maintenance, and field test procedures for protective relays and associated circuits iii acronyms and abbreviations a ampere ac alternating current amp ampere ansi american national standards institute bes bulk electric system carma capital asset and resource management application ccvt coupling capacitor voltage transformers co 2. Nov 22, 2018 testing and maintenance of protective relays always begins with a thorough visual and mechanical inspection. Testing automotive relays explained defective relay. To test a relay to see whether it is good or defective, the simplest way to do would be to use a multimeter set to the ohmmeter setting and measure various resistance values of the relay. A technicians approach to cable testing directional. Operation, maintenance, and field test procedures for. Installation of protection relays at site creates a number of possibilities for errors in the implementation of the scheme to occur.

In this article, we will show what resistance readings you should get when you measure various points of a relay. When testing another automotive relay, check the diagram on the relay, or the wiring diagram in your car repair manual, because some relay power switches come normally closed and should open when energized usually, these terminals are marked 30 and 87a. Each relay needs to be tested to verify it is changing states and each set of contacts needs to be. An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. If it sounds like something rattles inside, the relay is damaged and needs replacing. A car relay is a particular kind of remotecontrol switch. Circuit breaker testing what is circuit breaker testing used for.

How to test relays ericthecarguy how to test relays is a video about just what it says. This hardback book includes most of the volumes in the the relay testing handbook series and includes. The following are amongst the rating type tests conducted on protection relays, the specified parameters are normally to iec 602556. Ge power management periodic relay testing 11 get3473b 1 periodic relay testing 1 get3473b 1 periodic relay testing 1. Must also perform energizing procedures and in service load checks. Into this category fall such relays as hfa, hga, hma and perhaps pjv, pjc, and hnc relays. Iaictliac 60 field relay power system device function.

Switch on the test current and check trip time of the relay. The reason for the discrepancy will not be a change in the relay characteristic but a change in the test conditions, for example, the relays proximity to a steel cabinet. All you really need to do this is a multimeter set on resistance, however, a 12 volt. A mho relay is used for distance protection on a line, a translay relay is used for line differential protection via a pilot scheme, a merz price relay is used for generator. This is the most comprehensive guide about motor relay testing and dynamic relay testing. Commissioningperiodic maintenancetransfer to test circuittoolssafety measuresmechanical testselectrical. Mho relay translay relay merz price relay buchholz relay quite honestly, none of these answers seem 100% right. In addition to the tests previously described, those relays employing devices for time delay for example, capacitors should have an operating time test performed either pickup or dropout, whichever is applicable. There is a european standard for buchholz relays en502162 2002. Apply subcycle current differential protection with included fourzone distance and directional overcurrent backup. However, the following tests should be included for all electromechanical relays. Commission testing methods for protection systems mipsycon. This relay testing book is our core handbook and is used by large organizations across north america in their training programs.

How to test the start relay of the refrigerator compressor. To get a reliability prediction, it is not necessary to test the relays until they all fail. Testing the relay out of the case will also produce results that would not check previous tests or future tests since changes in test conditions, such as being near a. The relay is a well known and widely used component. In most cases if you miss diagnose the electrical problem and buy a new relay and it doesnt fix the car, youre stuck with the part you didnt need. The most effective way to bench test a solid state relay is to construct a simple test circuit consisting of a dc power supply or battery a 9vdc battery will work fine in most cases and a 60w or 100w light bulb. Electrical fundamentals including threephase electricity, phasor diagrams, and fault types.